Category of time and tense relationships in the field
opposition of the German tense system
micro-fields of the absolute first time
Presence
meaning: the speech moment, descending;
core - current present.
periphery:
- Future I: He'll be at home.
- Prepositional noun Additions: at the moment, at the time;
- adverbs: now, today, well, just, just.
- adjectives (derived from substantive and Adv) - immediately, now, today;
- prepositions (descending) - from now;
second Past
meaning: before the moment of speech;
The core of the preterite and the perfect indicative.
The preterite tense is often referred to as the written narrative. During the oral language use in this function, the prevailing perfect. + Historicum Pres.
the periphery:
- the Perfect (. Seclusion in the past) - He has done this work;
- prepositional noun Additions: 3 years ago, in the past;
- adverbs: yesterday, so far, then, formerly, once, formerly , long ago;
- adjectives: Yesterday, former, previous, former,
- prepositions: on.
-
third
future meaning: after the Speech moment.
Core: Future I (intention), present (future acts).
periphery:
- Future II (probably in the future), he will soon have purchased the car.
- Perfect (seclusion in the future): the same time he has done everything.
- Prepositional noun additions: in a few days, after 2 weeks.
- adverbs: tomorrow, soon, soon.
- adjectives: tomorrow's, early, in the future.
- prepositions: in, until.
micro-fields of the relative time
first Simultaneity
meaning: simultaneity
core: present tense, past tense, fut I indicative.
periphery:
- infinitive I + participle I
He claims to know everything.
- Temporal conjunctions: as if, while, as (as), as long as, by whenever (every time), hardly know that
- Prepositional noun additions: + while substantive, in time, with getting up at + Subst
- adverbs: Simultaneous, continuous, while, at the moment.
- adjectives: once (in the function of the adjective), all the time, instantly.
- prepositions: with, 2 in.
. Prematurity
meaning: prematurity
core: the Perfect, the Plusquamperf the Fut II (accordingly - Early in the present, past, future)
periphery:
- Infinitive II: He claims to have known everything.
- past participle: The widely read book I liked.
- Prepositional noun additions: a few days in the previous period in the previous month;
- adverbs: early, former, forward;
- adjectives: provisional;
- prepositions: since, before,
- Word-forming agent (prefixes): predict knowledge, ex-minister, great-grandfather, primeval, Paleomensch;
third Posteriority
meaning: posteriority
core: present tense, past tense, fut
I / O:
- prepositional Substantivfügunen: after a few days next month, next year;
- adverbs: soon, soon;
- adjectives: next, more;
- prepositions: on, in;
- conjunctions: before, before,
atemporal meaning
meaning: iterativity, quality, generalization of action.
core: the iterative present tense, present tense, the quality, the general present tense.
periphery: all means of expressing the iterative, quality and overall importance.
- prepositional noun additions: every day, every year, every morning.
- adverbs: always, never, much, much, many times.
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